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Resonance in a mechanical system, such as a mass-spring-damper system, is when an oscillating force being applied to the system causes a greater amplitude oscillation in the system over time. The frequency causing the maximal amplitude is often called the resonant frequency. Resonance can be catastrophic, such as the Tacoma Narrows bridge that oscillated so strongly due to just 64 km/h winds that the bridge deck tore apart. Wikipedia: 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge Film of Collapse
With no friction, the mass-spring system with a forcing function matching the natural frequency will grow to infinite amplitude according to the model.
Even with damping, a forcing function can still causes an oscillation that grows to much greater than the amplitude of the forcing function. The forcing function frequency that causes the maximal amplitude is called the resonant frequency of the mass-spring-damper system.